In music textbooks, Korean modern music history is presented extremely fragmentarily without any historical background or characteristics related to music, and only the names of music institutions and performance culture are introduced. To address these issues, the researcher selected ’exploration of the characteristics of music in the historical and cultural context’, ’exploration of music institutions and educational institutions’, ’exploration of performance culture’, and ’exploration of media in communication with the public’ as the teaching contents of Korean modern music history. First, as for musical characteristics, court music was passed down to some extent until the Korean Empire but was performed as instrumental music from the Japanese colonial period. Court music and jeongak were collectively referred to as aak, and jeongak included pungryu music and aak. During the Japanese colonial period, all other rituals except Jongmyo Jeryeak and Munmyo Jeryeak were abolished. From the Japanese colonial period, pansori and changgeuk began to decline and changed into a format of performing in theaters. Sanjo for other instruments such as geomungo and daegeum appeared in addition to gayageum sanjo. As the music institution changed from Gyobangsa(敎坊司) to Iwangjik Aakbu(李王職雅樂部), the number of musicians was greatly reduced, but it played an important role in the transmission and preservation of traditional music. Iwangjik Aakbuwon Training Center, an educational institution, inherited the tradition of Jangakwon(掌樂院) and placed emphasis on the transmission of jeongak along with ChoyangGurakbu(調陽俱樂部) and Joseon Jeongak Training Center. As for performance culture, musicians from music institutions and musicians trained at educational institutions played jeongak, while professional entertainers, gisaeng, sadangpae, and japgapae participated in folk music. In the beginning, the landscape of performance was centered on the play of the sadangpae, and with the establishment of private theaters, Korean traditional music performances became active on the theater stage, and several songs corresponding to ak-ga-mu(instrumental music, vocal music, and dance) were performed. Mass media gradually became active. With the release of phonographic records, newspaper articles about music played an important role in communicating with the public. When the musical changes and characteristics that emerge in Korea's modern era are accurately understood, the value of appropriately understanding traditional music from the post-liberation period to the present is established. For that reason, music history education in this era is absolutely necessary.